In
this article, eighty-year-old islander "El Chocolate" Garrido talks
about his life to Isla Mujeres historian Fidel Villanueva Madrid. This
is part I and a copy in Spanish is below.
Don Chocolate related his story while sitting in his wheelchair, remembering the days when he was a coprero, milpero, carbonero, artesano, marino naval, lagartero, and pescador. (Copreros work on coconut plantations, milperos are farmers, carboneros make charcoal, and he was an artesan, Naval sailor, crocodile hunter, and a fisherman.)
He is one of those pure blooded islanders who each day watches his community lose some of the charm that made it famous.He was born June 18, 1933 and his full name is Perpetuo Socorro Garrido Tuz. His parents were islanders who lived and worked on the coast as copreros. He was born with a midwife in attendance, between coconut palms. He says, "As soon as I learned to walk, I helped plant coconuts, pruned the plants, removed the dead ones, gathered the cocos, peeled & cracked them, and dried the meat.
Along the sandy coast between Nizuc and Puerto Morales, in the past century, for over seventy years, the San Miguel Coco Ranch produced copra. It was owned by Don Asuncion "Chono" Castilla and went along nearly eight kilometers of coast. It was two kilometers deep. One day the ranchers sold their lands to the bankers, and the rest is history.
He says when he was young, times were difficult for his parents, and they worked hard growing palm trees, hunting, fishing, and growing food. He remembers the freedom, the loneliness, and seeking distraction on the beach, hunting for gifts from the tide such as a ball, a broken doll, a rare bottle, and even containers with food or liquor.
He says, "On Sundays we didn't work and would have traditional meals like Relleno Negro, and other typical dishes like sweet rolls, coconut cream and other snacks, when we ate like kings. There was a white rum liquor smuggled in cans from Belize, which made us happier than a winning lottery ticket when we mixed it with coconut water and mint. Then we would be feeling fine, under the palms, playing guitars and singing love songs to the moon and stars."
The copreros slept in buildings of wood with zinc, breathing the fragrant aroma from the botoncillo wood, and getting up at 4am to begin their daily routine with coffee. As dawn broke they went out with shotguns to scare away the kolontes (woodpeckers) who were pecking at the tender coconuts. They would keep the farm clean of weeds, remove and burn diseased plants, plant new trees, and produce dried coconut meat (copra). They would peel and crack the coconuts, and dry the meat in the sun, using long clotheslines. They would tend it for two or three days, then it would be sent to Isla Mujeres.
Each worker would have a basket on his front (a "xuxak") made of reeds, fitted with leather or canvas supports. With his machete, the coprero would stab the coconuts on the ground, and toss them into his basket, which would hold up to sixty coconuts. (That is a lot of weight!) Each man was expected to gather three thousand daily, and to peel, crack, and dry them. This took from dawn to four in the afternoon, when they would stop to bathe, eat, and rest. "We would fall asleep at five in the afternoon, very tired, and in no mood for anything else," said don "Chocolate" Depending on the weather, they would go out to hunt or fish, and they had to plant fruits and vegetables to supplement their diets.
The copra was transported to Isla Mujeres by a boat that was 36 feet long and 12 feet wide. These vessels were called "panzonas" and were built on our coast. One was called “La Concha” and its owner was don “Chono” Castilla. From Isla Mujeres to Chicxulub, Yucatán, the copra was transported in boats like the “María Fidelia”, owned by don Argimiro Argüelles.
Production of coconuts was a way of life that characterized the rough frontier of Quinana Roo in the twentieth century. The whole coast from Chiquilá to Xcalak seemed to be a single plantation. Those who traveled overseas along our coasts at that time told of a monotonous landscape of waves and palms, interrupted only by the occasional village, where there were gabled white wooden houses with zinc roofs, with a pier and a small boat.
Descendents and owners of coco ranches facing Isla Mujeres include don Agustín Carballo in Punta Sam, Ladislao Tejero in el Meco, the ranch of Macario Díaz in Puerto Juárez, el “Santa Inés” of don Ausencio Magaña, which went from Puerto Juárez to Boca del Río Nichupté, and then don José del Carmen Galué, as well as the other coco ranches of the brothers and relatives of don Ausenciao: Agapito Magaña, Miguel Magaña, Ariel Magaña.
The women were not weak in this place so far from civilization. They got up earlier than the men to make coffee and breakfast, and spent most of the day in the kitchen. The main meal at midday required special effort and making tortillas and bread was an everyday chore. The corn was soaked in lime, then washed and milled to make the dough by hand. Every entree and all the condiments were made by hand and were needed in large amounts. Washing dishes and clothes, cleaning the house, fetching water from the well in buckets, and tending animals were all responsibilities of these women who were household heroines. They would sweep and scour the tables and floors and use ash or sand to polish them. Those who had time would help their spouses extract the copra.
Their food was fresh and natural, but in return for this life without major tribulations, they faced hurricanes and sporadic epidemics. In general they ate well at the ranch, because there was plenty of food in the sea and the jungle. They ate deer, wild boar, and pheasant, and on bad days they ate lobster. On the other hand, ranch life offered other chores to the individuals, such as growing food in a milpa, and "Chocolate" planted papayas, watermelon, citrus, onions, sugar cane, and vegetables. There was wood and charcoal and he knew the secrets of the sea and of the jungle. To be continued.
At the beginning of the article it says he was born at el Rancho San Miguel, Kankum, Territorio Federal de Quintana Roo and comments how no one imagined then that this would become very developed as a tourism destination back when the beaches were empty.
His relative are as follows> Parents: Valentín Garrido y Huvelina Tuz, native of Isla Mujeres, and his siblings: Teresa, Vicente (RIP), Esteban, Valentín, Gaudencio, Juan de Dios, Renato, Israel, Adela y Marisol. Wife: Guadalupe Pérez,also native of isla. Children: Fernando (RIP), Martha y Maricela.
He passed away March 19, 2015.
This was written by Fidel Villanueva Madrid November 2013 & published in Diario de Quintana Roo and on FB in Recuerdos de Isla Mujeres. The original article in Spanish is below.
Don Chocolate related his story while sitting in his wheelchair, remembering the days when he was a coprero, milpero, carbonero, artesano, marino naval, lagartero, and pescador. (Copreros work on coconut plantations, milperos are farmers, carboneros make charcoal, and he was an artesan, Naval sailor, crocodile hunter, and a fisherman.)
He is one of those pure blooded islanders who each day watches his community lose some of the charm that made it famous.He was born June 18, 1933 and his full name is Perpetuo Socorro Garrido Tuz. His parents were islanders who lived and worked on the coast as copreros. He was born with a midwife in attendance, between coconut palms. He says, "As soon as I learned to walk, I helped plant coconuts, pruned the plants, removed the dead ones, gathered the cocos, peeled & cracked them, and dried the meat.
Along the sandy coast between Nizuc and Puerto Morales, in the past century, for over seventy years, the San Miguel Coco Ranch produced copra. It was owned by Don Asuncion "Chono" Castilla and went along nearly eight kilometers of coast. It was two kilometers deep. One day the ranchers sold their lands to the bankers, and the rest is history.
He says when he was young, times were difficult for his parents, and they worked hard growing palm trees, hunting, fishing, and growing food. He remembers the freedom, the loneliness, and seeking distraction on the beach, hunting for gifts from the tide such as a ball, a broken doll, a rare bottle, and even containers with food or liquor.
He says, "On Sundays we didn't work and would have traditional meals like Relleno Negro, and other typical dishes like sweet rolls, coconut cream and other snacks, when we ate like kings. There was a white rum liquor smuggled in cans from Belize, which made us happier than a winning lottery ticket when we mixed it with coconut water and mint. Then we would be feeling fine, under the palms, playing guitars and singing love songs to the moon and stars."
The copreros slept in buildings of wood with zinc, breathing the fragrant aroma from the botoncillo wood, and getting up at 4am to begin their daily routine with coffee. As dawn broke they went out with shotguns to scare away the kolontes (woodpeckers) who were pecking at the tender coconuts. They would keep the farm clean of weeds, remove and burn diseased plants, plant new trees, and produce dried coconut meat (copra). They would peel and crack the coconuts, and dry the meat in the sun, using long clotheslines. They would tend it for two or three days, then it would be sent to Isla Mujeres.
Each worker would have a basket on his front (a "xuxak") made of reeds, fitted with leather or canvas supports. With his machete, the coprero would stab the coconuts on the ground, and toss them into his basket, which would hold up to sixty coconuts. (That is a lot of weight!) Each man was expected to gather three thousand daily, and to peel, crack, and dry them. This took from dawn to four in the afternoon, when they would stop to bathe, eat, and rest. "We would fall asleep at five in the afternoon, very tired, and in no mood for anything else," said don "Chocolate" Depending on the weather, they would go out to hunt or fish, and they had to plant fruits and vegetables to supplement their diets.
The copra was transported to Isla Mujeres by a boat that was 36 feet long and 12 feet wide. These vessels were called "panzonas" and were built on our coast. One was called “La Concha” and its owner was don “Chono” Castilla. From Isla Mujeres to Chicxulub, Yucatán, the copra was transported in boats like the “María Fidelia”, owned by don Argimiro Argüelles.
Production of coconuts was a way of life that characterized the rough frontier of Quinana Roo in the twentieth century. The whole coast from Chiquilá to Xcalak seemed to be a single plantation. Those who traveled overseas along our coasts at that time told of a monotonous landscape of waves and palms, interrupted only by the occasional village, where there were gabled white wooden houses with zinc roofs, with a pier and a small boat.
Descendents and owners of coco ranches facing Isla Mujeres include don Agustín Carballo in Punta Sam, Ladislao Tejero in el Meco, the ranch of Macario Díaz in Puerto Juárez, el “Santa Inés” of don Ausencio Magaña, which went from Puerto Juárez to Boca del Río Nichupté, and then don José del Carmen Galué, as well as the other coco ranches of the brothers and relatives of don Ausenciao: Agapito Magaña, Miguel Magaña, Ariel Magaña.
The women were not weak in this place so far from civilization. They got up earlier than the men to make coffee and breakfast, and spent most of the day in the kitchen. The main meal at midday required special effort and making tortillas and bread was an everyday chore. The corn was soaked in lime, then washed and milled to make the dough by hand. Every entree and all the condiments were made by hand and were needed in large amounts. Washing dishes and clothes, cleaning the house, fetching water from the well in buckets, and tending animals were all responsibilities of these women who were household heroines. They would sweep and scour the tables and floors and use ash or sand to polish them. Those who had time would help their spouses extract the copra.
Their food was fresh and natural, but in return for this life without major tribulations, they faced hurricanes and sporadic epidemics. In general they ate well at the ranch, because there was plenty of food in the sea and the jungle. They ate deer, wild boar, and pheasant, and on bad days they ate lobster. On the other hand, ranch life offered other chores to the individuals, such as growing food in a milpa, and "Chocolate" planted papayas, watermelon, citrus, onions, sugar cane, and vegetables. There was wood and charcoal and he knew the secrets of the sea and of the jungle. To be continued.
At the beginning of the article it says he was born at el Rancho San Miguel, Kankum, Territorio Federal de Quintana Roo and comments how no one imagined then that this would become very developed as a tourism destination back when the beaches were empty.
His relative are as follows> Parents: Valentín Garrido y Huvelina Tuz, native of Isla Mujeres, and his siblings: Teresa, Vicente (RIP), Esteban, Valentín, Gaudencio, Juan de Dios, Renato, Israel, Adela y Marisol. Wife: Guadalupe Pérez,also native of isla. Children: Fernando (RIP), Martha y Maricela.
He passed away March 19, 2015.
This was written by Fidel Villanueva Madrid November 2013 & published in Diario de Quintana Roo and on FB in Recuerdos de Isla Mujeres. The original article in Spanish is below.
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EL CHOCOLATE GARRIDORecuerdosdel Cocal
Parte I de II
Donde hoy seyerguen modernos edificios y miles de turistas disfrutan del mar y el sol,sobrevivieron por más de cien años pescadores, cazadores y agricultores. Deesos rudos forjadores de Quintana Roo quedan apenas unos cuantos. Chocolate es uno de ellos, y sutestimonio versa sobre la vida en el mar y la selva en el pasado reciente. Sometido hoy por la vida, reducido el hombre auna silla de ruedas, tuvo entre sus ocupaciones las de coprero, milpero,carbonero, artesano, marino naval, lagartero y pescador.
Su nombre completo es Perpetuo Socorro GarridoTuz, y nació el 18 de junio de 1933 en el Rancho San Miguel, Kankum, TerritorioFederal de Quintana Roo.
Fueron sus padres Valentín Garrido y HuvelinaTuz, nativos de Isla Mujeres, y cuenta entre sus hermanos a Teresa, Vicente(+), Esteban, Valentín, Gaudencio, Juan de Dios, Renato, Israel, Adela yMarisol, quien es hija reconocida y crecida desde muy pequeña.
Contrajo matrimonio con la señora Guadalupe Pérez, nativa también de IslaMujeres, con la que procreó tres hijos: Fernando (+), Martha y Maricela.
Muy pocos sabemos su nombre de pila; para todoses Chocolate, o Don Chocolate para quienes no tienen la confianza de tutearlo. Elsuyo es un apodo que, según él, lo trae desde que gateaba. Dice que se lo puso Susano “Socoyón” Arguelles, en el rancho coprero donde nació y creció.Cuenta ya con 80 años de edad, y es de esos isleños de pura cepa que ven comocada día su comunidad pierde el encanto que la hizo famosa.
Comenta de entrada el entrevistado: “Mis padres eran copreros, por lo que nací entre palmeras de coco,atendiendo a mi madre una matrona o partera pues en ese tiempo no se habíaninventado las cesáreas.”
Durante el siglo pasado, enclavado entrela arenosa costa que va de Nizuc a Puerto Morelos, prosperó por más de setentaaños el rancho-cocal San Miguel, propiedad de Don Asunción “Chono” Castilla. Eran casi ocho kilómetros de costa por dos defondo ocupados en la producción de copra, misma que era llevada a Isla Mujeresprimero y a Yucatán después. A Isla Mujeres la trasladaban mediante unaembarcación de 36 pies de eslora y 12 de manga. Era de aquellas canoas “panzonas” construidas en nuestrolitoral. Se llamaba “La Concha” y sudueño lo era el citado Don “Chono”Castilla.
De Isla Mujeres a Chicxulub, Yuc., la copra setransportaba en barcos como el “MaríaFidelia”, que era propiedad de DonArgimiro Arguelles. Un día los rancheros vendieron sus tierras a los banqueros…yla ruda explotación del coco comenzó a ser historia.
EL TRABAJO EN ELRANCHO
“Desde que aprendí acaminar, ayudé a mis padres a sembrar cocos, a chapear las grandes extensionesde esa bondadosa planta, a eliminar las matas enfermas, a reunir los frutos, apelarlos, a rajarlos, secarlos y encostalarlos” – recuerda Chocolate.
Sus padres, Valentín Garrido y HuvelinaTuz, aunque nacieron en Isla Mujeres radicaron siempre en la costa, haciendocrecer palmeras, ayudándose con la caza, la pesca y la agricultura para saliradelante con sus hijos.
Tiempos difíciles fueron aquellos. Cuando Chocolate rememora sus primeros años, nopuede traer a su mente con claridad sus juegos de niño. “Era correr por la playa nuestramayor distracción –comenta- buscandocualquier objeto que la marea hubiera depositadosobre la arena. A veces encontrábamos una pelota, un muñeco roto, una rueda,una botella rara y hasta envases con alimentos o con licor.”
En esa soledad arcaica que caracterizó a nuestrascostas hasta 1970, de cuánta libertad gozaron aquellos chiquillos de pielcobriza por el sol. Chocolate nacióen Kankum, cuando los pioneros del turismo no soñaban todavía con el Cancún quehoy nos asombra y preocupa a todos.
De grandes las diversiones no eran muyvariadas: “Los domingos que eran nuestros días libres –refiere- se preparaba un buen relleno negro u otroplatillo típico. Se hacía pan dulce, cremas de coco y otros bocadillos yalmorzábamos como reyes con esa sencilla vianda. El licor que en latas llegabacomo contrabando desde Belice nos disipaba. Era un ron blanco, el cual,mezclado con agua de coco y yerbabuena, nos ponía más felices que un billetepremiado de lotería. Al calor de las copas, bajo las palmeras, tocábamosguitarra y cantábamos canciones de amor a la luna y las estrellas.”
Cuenta nuestro personaje, que loscopreros se levantaban a las cuatro de la mañana respirando el aromoso humo dela leña de botoncillo, la cual inundaba los cuartos de madera y zinc dondedormían. Un café caliente y a la faena, a la rutina de cada día.
“Temprano había queespantar a escopetazos a los kolontés (pájaros carpinteros), pues apenas rayaba el sol ya estaban picoteando los cocos tiernos.Luego a las labores del cocal, que consistían en mantener limpio de maleza elrancho, a tirar y quemar las matas enfermas, a sembrar plantas nuevas, a reunirlos cocos secos, pelarlos, rajarlos y ponerlos al sol en los largos tendederos,para que al cabo de dos o tres días se encostalaran y enviaran a Isla Mujeres.”
La recolección de cocos secos se realizabamediante la rústica labor de ajustarse a la espalda un “xuxak” o canasto hecho de bejucos, provisto de una correa de cueroo lona que soportaba la frente del trabajador. Con un machete se pinchaban losfrutos dispersos por el suelo, lanzándolos hacia atrás para que cayeran dentrodel citado canasto al que le cabían hasta sesenta cocos. Latarea diaria de cada cual consistía en reunir tres mil de ellos, pelarlos,rajarlos y ponerlos a secar, labor que ocupaba desde el amanecer hasta lascuatro de la tarde en que se retiraban a bañarse, comer y descansar.
“Nos dormíamos a lascinco de la tarde, muy cansados y sin animo para otra cosa.” – cuenta Chocolate. Y agrega que dependiendo del estado del tiempo, salían aveces a cazar o a pescar, y que además debían atender la siembra de frutales yhortalizas que fueran necesarios para complementar su alimentación.
La explotación del cocotero fue una formade vida que caracterizó a aquel Quintana Roo bronco del siglo XX. Toda lacosta, desde Chiquilá hasta Xcalak parecía una sola plantación. Quienesviajaban a vela por nuestro litoral en esos tiempos, hablaban de un paisajemonótono de olas, espumas y palmeras, interrumpido solamente por rancherías,donde blancas casas de dos aguas de madera amachimbrada y lámina de zincdestacaban en el perfil costero, adornado también por algún incipiente muellede troncos, donde una frágil embarcación aguardaba el momento de retar al Caribe.
Frente a Isla Mujeres florecieron varios deesos ranchos, destacando los de Don Agustín Carballo en Punta Sam, LadislaoTejero en el Meco, el de Macario Díaz en Puerto Juárez, el “Santa Inés” de Don Ausencio Magaña, mismo que ocupaba desde PuertoJuárez hasta la Boca del Río Nichupté, seguía Don José del Carmen Galué, yluego otros cocales que eran de hermanos y parientes de Don Ausencio: AgapitoMagaña, Miguel Magaña, Ariel Magaña. Según, gente de esa época, existió otrorancho conocido como “Bojórquez”, elcual fue de Don Cándido Povedano y colindaba con el “San Vicente”, que fue propiedad de la madre de Chocolate.
La vida en los ranchos de la costa eraapacible, y sólo la alteraban los huracanes o la llegada de viajeros, siempreinesperados por la falta de comunicación. Ahí el dinero no servía, pues nadahabía qué comprar. Se tenía todo porque se disfrutaba de lo principal: la tranquilidad.Se ayudaba a cualquier visitante y sin conocerlo se le invitaba a pasar lanoche, sentándolo a la mesa para comer lo mejor que había en la alacena. Porlos huéspedes imprevistos, ante una taza de humeante café de maíz tostado ymolido, se conocían aspectos del mundo exterior, y se asombraba uno de quehasta nuestros lares no llegaran tantas calamidades. Digo esto por experiencia,pues mis buenos años pasé en la costa con mi padre, quien también fue copreroen Río Huach, y porque me conmovían las lágrimas que mi madre trataba dedisimular cuando recordaba aquellos años, tan rudos y tan bonitos, sorteandocon el “Simbad” los traicionerosarrecifes y sus quebrados para llevarnos a estudiar a Chetumal.
Apartándome unas líneas de los recuerdos de Chocolate, trataré sobre algunascostumbres en el rancho coprero, y referiré otras actividades de quienes sededicaban a la actividad.
DEBERES DE LAS MUJERES
El sexo femenino no era precisamente el débilen un lugar tan alejado de la civilización. Las mujeres se levantaban mástemprano que el hombre para hacer el café y el desayuno, empleando la mayorparte del día en la cocina, pues la comida fuerte, el almuerzo, requería de unesfuerzo especial. Hacer tortillas y pan era cosa de todos los días. El maíz seremojaba en agua de cal para ensuavizarlo. Luego se lavaba y molía para hacerla masa y moldear las tortillas con las manos. Cada platillo y sus condimentoseran hechos en casa, y muy largas eran las horas que las señoras pasaban juntoal ardiente fogón, sofocadas por el calor, para poder brindarle alimento a suesposo e hijos, que por regla general eran numerosos. (Los hijos, porsupuesto).
Lavar trastes, ropas maltratadas, asearla casa, acarrear agua del pozo a cubetazos y atender a los animales delrancho, hacía de esas mujeres auténticas heroínas del hogar. Vaya que sefregaban lavando en batea, cepillando mesas y pisos con piedra pómez,levisa u hoja de ciricote, usando cenizao arena como pulidores. Algunas se daban tiempo incluso para ayudar a suscónyuges en la extracción de la copra. Había que ver su dolor cuando un hijoenfermaba, curándolo con yerbas, elevando rezos y peticiones a la Patrona delrancho, que en el caso de Chocolateera la Virgen de Guadalupe.
ALIMENTOSDEL COPRERO: NATURALES Y FRESCOS
Como recompensa estaba la vida sinmayores tribulaciones que las que el paludismo, los huracanes y esporádicasepidemias causaban. En lo general, en el rancho coprero se comía bien, porquehabía abundancia de productos del mar y de la selva. Se comía venado, jabalí,faisán, y en días muy pobres se recurría a la langosta.
Sonríe Chocolatecuando le recuerdo el detalle de la langosta. “Quién iba a decir que un díacostaría tanto” –exclama. Y es que en aquellos no tan lejanos tiempos noera un platillo muy apreciado. Pasaba igual con la lisa, tan escasa y por lotanto tan cara hoy. Antes sólo se capturaban para quitarles las huevas. Elpescado se tiraba o utilizaba como carnada. Lo mismo se hacía con el mero: sele atrapaba para extraerle la hueva, fresco y reconfortante caviar caribeño.
Nos cuenta este amable isleño, que en el ranchode Don “Chono” Castilla de comer nofaltaba: “Grandes cerdos se criaban ahí–expone- y cada mes se mataba uno salando la carne para que aguantara sindescomponerse. Criábamos también muchas gallinas, por lo que huevos y carne nofaltaban nunca.”
Refiere también, que durante la Segunda GuerraMundial recalaban a las playas enormes barriles conteniendo carne de cerdo enconserva, y que además, sus penas se mitigaron en esos años porque desdeaviones los militares les lanzaban bolsas de alimentos en pequeños paracaídasde papel.
Por otra parte, la vida en el rancho hacía delindividuo un conocedor de otras labores como las de la milpa. Chocolate sembraba papayas, sandías,cítricos, ajos, cebollas, plátanos, caña y otros vegetales. Hacía carbón yleña, y ningún secreto desconocía sobre el mar y la selva. (continuará)
Colaboración: Fidel Villanueva Madrid
Cronista Vitalicio de la Ciudad de IslaMujeres.
Mail: ixcheel_48@hotmail.com
Noviembre de 2013.
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